An: 2015, Nr.3, Articol Nr. 27

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      ANATOMOCLINICAL AND PHYSIOPATHOLOGICAL ASPECTS IN FETAL INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION (Abstract): Introduction: Intrauterine fetal growth restriction (IUGR) is the the 3rd cause of perinatal death after preterm birth and congenital anomalies. IUGR correlates with hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, metabolic syndrome, fetal distress, placenta praevia. Short term and long term consequences include perinatal mortality and morbidity and an increased risk of neurological damage and neurosensory disabilities. Objectives: This review article enumerates anatomoclinical and pathophysiological aspects involved in the onset and diagnosis of IUGR according to literature findings and our experience with IUGR in the Bucharest University Emergency Hospital. Materials and methods: We have reviewed articles in the international database focused upon the diagnosis and aethiology of IUGR and compared them to our experience in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Results: Literature data and our data stand that the main cause of IUGR is placental insufficiency due to poor placental perfusion. Diagnosis of IUGR implies ultrasound evaluation, biometry, Doppler-ultrasound, cardiotocography and may involve a series of new biochemical factors (e.g. adipokines). Research in this field is in progress in all countries. Discussions: All data must be correlated with anatomical and pathophysiological changes taking place during pregnancy in a certain given population in order to correctly establish a diagnosis of IUGR. Conclusions: An accurate diagnosis of IUGR is mandatory for an appropriate management of cases. A complex team of obstetricians and neonatologists must be involved in the management of pregnancies complicated with IUGR.

Key words: INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION, ADIPOKINES, PREGNANCY