Abstract
An: 2018, Nr.1, Articol Nr. 5
Title: 

DETALIED ANATOMY OF THE SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE

Authors: 

      Gabriela-Diana Ivașcu (Oprea) - University of Medicine and Pharmacy „Carol Davila” Bucharest, PhD (Doctoral School)
      C.M. Pantu, R. Stanciulescu, F.M. Filipoiu, O. Stefan - University of Medicine and Pharmacy „Carol Davila” Bucharest, Discipline of Anatomy
      DETALIED ANATOMY OF THE SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE (Abstract): The superior orbital fissure is a foramen https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foramina_of_the_skull in the skull, lying between the lesser and greater wings of the sphenoidal bone, conecting the middle cranial fossa with the orbit. At the level of the superior orbital fissure pass abducens nerv, trohlear nerve, superior and inferior branches of the oculomotor, ophtalmic nerve with its branches (lacrimal, frontal, nasociliary), superior and inferior divisions of ophtalmic vein (1). Inferior division also passes through the inferior orbital fissure, sympatetic fibers from cavernous plexus. We removed the dura mater so we could identify the trigeminal ganglion with its 3 branches (ophtalmic, maxilar and mandibular nerve) on the anterior part of the petrous part of the temporal bone. Medial to this ganglion is located the cavernous sinus. In the nearby of the superior orbital fissure we disected the internal carotid artery in its pathway through the cavernous sinus and we highlighted its relations with the oculomotor nerves at the level of the sinus. Just after the exit from the wall of the cavernous sinus the oculomotor nerves go through the superior orbital fissure. This fissure appears like a free space between lesser and greater wings of the sphenoid and it’s located inferior and lateral to the optic foramen. At the level of the superior orbital fissure we have the next closest relations: the most superior and central, in the long axis of the orbit is situated the oculomotor nerve; ophtalmic nerve enters the orbit inferior to the oculomotor nerve (at the origin is between the oculomotor and maxillar nerves); abducens nerve is practicaly the most lateral element which goes through the superior orbital fissure; the trochlear nerve enters the orbit across superior orbital fissure where its tapered and bulging portions come together. The relation between the vasculonervous elements and the bones are very closed inside of the superior orbitar fissure, so the content acts like a single bundle, also these close relations explain a several pathologies.
Key words: SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE, OCULOMOTOR NERVES, INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY, CAVERNOUS SINUS
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